The purpose of this study was to change the broad picture of research methods in the educational
theory, which is essential for development of modern pedagogy. The systematic approach to
education developed by the scientific school of L.I. Novikova, member of the Russian Academy
of Education, was analyzed. The authors explored the differentiated indicators such as integrity,
orderliness and evolvability, that shape the research of all social pedagogical systems. This article
emphasizes that in the modern-day world it is important to integrate different research methods
(theoretical and empirical, quantitative and qualitative) and combinations of research methods in
pedagogical and related sciences in order to make the best use of their complementarity, with regard
to the special nature of the subject. Emphasis should be given to qualitative research methods guided
by the intention to understand the personal meanings lying behind a child’s actions. The two most
useful qualitative methods are the method of participatory observation and the method of real-life
situations. The article discusses various methods of research of soft systems in the educational theory
aimed at the identification, proper study and multifaceted analysis of the problems that occur. It also
emphasizes the importance of a systematic approach in the theory of collective education where the
backbone of the system is the children’s community and the unity of children and adults.