The author's position about formation of the Russian civil identity of school students in the context of valuable self-determination of the personality is presented in the article. The school student self-determines in civil, social, patriotic, spiritual and moral, cultural and historical values which act as an axiological basis of the Russian civil identity of seniors. The author discloses pedagogical conditions in which the value focusing activity of school students takes place, their axiological activity occurs, an axiological self-determination as a citizen happens.