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Using Exploratory Factor Analysis to Validate Students’ Independence Learning Scale in Indonesia

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  Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.26907/esd.19.4.10
  Volume Number: 19 | Issue Number: 4 | Pages: 119 - 132
  Published: December 2024
  Article Keyword(s): college students, EFA, independence learning, scale
  Article Author(s) - listed alphabetically: Bayuk Nusantara Kr. J. Tompong, Lathifa Rosiana Dewi, Winarti Winarti
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The advantages of learning to be independent are significant. As a result, creating an independent learning instrument for university students is necessary. This study constructs a new scale for measuring student independence, integrating theories of self-directed learning to better understand and support autonomous educational behaviors. Several phases were involved in the creation of this instrument: a review of the literature, an initial draft, a first trial, revisions, and a final draft. To demonstrate the validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed. 436 respondents who were Indonesian students taking online classes received the questionnaire immediately. Ages of the respondents ranged from 17 to 29. They are mostly freshmen. Through Google Form, they received an independent learning scale. 29 of the 34 elements were found to be genuine and credible, according to the results. This tool was based on three factors: planning, student responsibility, and self-evaluation. Educators can use the validated scale to tailor interventions that foster students' learning independence, adapting teaching strategies based on individual or group assessments. In order to determine whether the reliability and validity patterns, particularly the model fit, are the same across different populations, future researchers must perform as many validations as they can.

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Journal Information

Publisher

Education and Self Development (E&SD) is published by Kazan Federal University (KFU)
See http://kpfu.ru/eng

Contact

"Education and Self Development"
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ISSN

ISSN 1991-7740

Frequency of Publication

E&SD publishes four print issues each year. It was established in June 2006

Impact Factor and Ranking

The Journal has been accepted for inclusion in Scopus and is applying for inclusion in Web of Science. At present it has not established an impact factor or ranking but these will be forthcoming.

Open Access

E&SD is an online, open access journal fully funded by Kazan Federal University. The Journal is a signatory to the Budapest Open Access Initiative and is committed to ensuring that all of the articles we publish are freely available. Articles are available to all without charge, and there are no article processing charges (APCs) for authors.

Scope Statement

Available here…

Article Keywords

assessment bibliometric analysis blended learning communication competence Covid-19 creativity critical thinking distance learning education educational environment educational process educational standard evaluation foreign language future teachers higher education identity inclusive education lifelong learning model motivation multicultural education non-formal education pedagogy personality professional competence professional development professional orientation psychological safety quality quality of education reading comprehension reflection self-assessment self-development students teacher teacher education teacher professional development teachers teacher training training upbringing values

Article Authors

Albina R. Drozdikova-Zaripova Alena Hašková Andreja Istenic Starcic Andreja Istenič Anna I. Akhmetzyanova Anna Kobtseva Aydar Kalimullin Aydar M. Kalimullin Aydar Minimansurovich Kalimullin Balwant Singh Branka Radulović Daria Medvedeva Dinara Bisimbaeva Elena Ibragimova Evgeniya Shishova Evsyukova E.A. Fatemeh Khonamri Ian Menter Idiyatov I.E. Ilshat R. Gafurov Kadriya Shakirova Liliana Shakirova Lira V. Artishcheva Lyubov A. Kochemasova Martina Pavlikova Mourat Tchoshanov Musa Nushi Natalya N. Kalatskaya Nick Rushby Oksana Kozhevnikova Olga K. Evdokimova Rezeda M. Khusainova Roza A. Valeeva Roza Valeeva Rushby N.J Tatiana Baklashova Valerian Faritovich Gabdulchakov Venera Zakirova Vera K. Vlasova Vera Khotinets Vera Vlasova Violeta Rosanda Vsevolod V. Andreev Yulia Novgorodova Zdenka Gadušová

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