Despite the expanding opportunities in adult education and learning (ALE) for young people, not all individuals take advantage of them. The paper aims to analyze the relationship between the educational status of young people and their parents, their perseverance (GRIT), with their participation in informal and informal ALE. We analyze whether perseverance enhances participation in ALE among young people with educational advantages. The study tends to contribute to the wider discussion on the reproduction of social structure through human capital accumulation. We analyze the data provided by the longitudinal study “Trajectories in education and profession (TROP)” using regression analysis. We found a positive relationship between an individual’s level of education and perseverance (measured at the age of 14) and participation in job-relevant ALE in adulthood (23-25 years old), and a positive relationship between mothers’ higher education and participation in ALE, not relevant to the job. The hypotheses about the significant role of perseverance in further accumulation of educational advantages is partially confirmed: perseverance enhances the positive effect of higher mother’s education, in participation in work-related informal learning. The results can be used in the development of activities aimed at increasing the involvement of young people in ALE.
Keyword(s) : youth
Family Upbringing Styles and Methods vs Youth Propensity for Aggression
The study of the propensity of young people to react aggressively (readiness for aggression) is relevant
because it affects everyone and is the cause of many disasters, crimes, and the growth of aggressive
behavior of young people, which are reflected in the statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Scientists are trying to identify the reasons, factors contributing to the manifestation of aggressive
forms of behavior among young people. However, no Russian research was found in which the
influence of parenting practices (styles of education, methods of education) on the development
of readiness for aggression among young people was studied in a comprehensive manner. The
purpose of this research was to study the influence of family education practice on the development
of readiness for aggression among young people. The experiment involved 237 people aged 18-24,
who were randomly selected. Of these, 110 were girls and 127 were boys. All respondents were
from complete families. The survey was carried out using the following methods: ‘The interpersonal
behaviors inventory’, ‘Retrospective inventory of child rearing practices’, ‘Retrospective
questionnaire of parenting styles’.
The authors identified what forms of readiness for aggression are expressed among Russian youth,
as well as gender characteristics. Emotional-Impulsive Readiness was found for girls and Habitual-
Cognitive Readiness for boys. Mothers are perceived by young people as being more democratic
while fathers, in the opinion of their children, used more often authoritarian and liberal (dismissive)
parenting styles. The results of the study showed that mothers most often used positive and punitive
parenting methods. College-educated fathers used positive parenting methods. The results obtained
will be of interest for specialists working with families.